1-2024 (21)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2024.21.21-26

ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL MEANS CAPABILITIES FOR DETECTING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES

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This scientific work explores the main capabilities of reconnaissance technical means for timely detection of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). It is noted that in the combat zone in eastern Ukraine, Russian forces extensively utilize UAVs to address strategic, operational, and tactical objectives. To effectively counter enemy UAVs, it is crucial to enhance their detection capabilities comprehensively, focusing particularly on identifying the UAV’s flight, trajectory, and other essential characteristics for efficient engagement. The study emphasizes that effective UAV detection is hindered by additional factors such as the use of highly maneuverable flight trajectories, the incorporation of plastic and composite materials in UAV construction that poorly reflect electromagnetic radiation, and the utilization of existing communication infrastructure of mobile operators for UAV control. A comprehensive list of UAV disclosure factors using detection means is provided, including radar reconnaissance, radio and radio-technical reconnaissance, optical-electronic reconnaissance, and acoustic reconnaissance. The analysis of UAV detection capabilities using radar reconnaissance is conducted, highlighting that airspace surveillance with radar stations (RS) is a traditional means of detecting airborne targets, functioning qualitatively when the target’s effective reflection surface corresponds to the RS technical capabilities. The study explores the possibilities of UAV detection using radio and radio-technical reconnaissance through receiving and analyzing control channel radio signals and emissions from the UAV’s onboard radio-electronic equipment. It also delves into the capabilities of UAV detection using optical-electronic reconnaissance (OER), emphasizing that visible range OER is a reliable means of detecting small-sized, low-speed UAVs, with effectiveness influenced by weather conditions and time of day.

Keywords: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, composite materials, disclosure factors, mobile communication operators, radar reconnaissance, radio signal, optical detection.

FULL REXT (in Ukrainian)

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